高考英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧
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阅读理解在高考英语中所占比重很大，也是许多考生头疼的地方，因为阅读理解的题型较多，因此建议考生们根据不同类型的题目去做有针对性的准备，以下的高考英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧相信会对各位有所帮助。
1.事实细节题：
标志：①题干中明确提到时间、地点、人物等细节信息；②针对文章中的一句或几句发问；
③题干和选项之间是因果关系。
例1．(2005年高考英语福建卷阅读理解A篇)Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature.
58．When did Paul Zindel win the ALAN Prize?
A．In 2002.
B．In 2003.
C．Between 1967 and 1992.
D．Between 2002 and 2003.
解析：细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行助力定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
2.猜测词义题：
标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组，要求辨别其意思
例2．（2005年高考英语湖南卷阅读理解B篇）Charlotte's tale was inspired by the girls' coin collection. "We've collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in." Lauren continues: "I find a coin in the road, go to get it and get run over. I'm in hospital and then I die." Charlotte adds: "Or she might not die. I haven't decided yet."
60. The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.
A. story B. collection
C. inspiration D. foreign coin
解析：（1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义 在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。
（2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。
（3）通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。
（4）根据生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。
3.推理判断题：
标志：推理题一般含有关键词infer，imply等。
例3：Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”
Q: What can you conclude from this passage?
A. the engineer asked for too much money
B. the workers should pay the money
C. the knowledge is worth money
D. the new part could cost more
解析：推理题干扰项的特点为只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理； 或者看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒手段变目的等，如果四个选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理步骤，那么与原文意思接近、所用推理少的选项即是正确答案。
4.主旨大意题：
标志：这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地
运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。
例4：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man name Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game whch he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.
Q: The text is mainly about________.
A. Lexico
B. Three men
C . A word game
D.Alfred Butts
解析：要利用宏观阅读技巧做主旨题，既要特别小心首段、末段陷阱，又要重视首段、末段提供的重要信息。具体操作的时候，要注意依据选项、助力与原文核对。
5.态度判断题：
标志：考查态度题中的题干一般都含有 according to the writer，attitude，believe ，consider，regard等词和短语。
例5．When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible - and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. In-deed, research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite (胃口) and better sleep patterns. "People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Freder-ic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Good. " So it can help save on the wear and tear on .Our system allow people to feel more energetic."
66. According to the writer, what is the right way to calm down after being hurt?
A. Try to figure out why you get hurt.
B. Write a letter to the person who hurt you.
C. Persuade yourself to accept what others have done to you.
D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.
解析：作者态度只分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；除此之外，没有其他的作者态度。 识别作者态度有以下方法：找文中带有感情色彩的名次、动词、形容词、副词；根据作者举的例子判断等。在涉及本题的文段中，反复出现的此是forgive 和forgiveness(宽容)，因此，不难判断，作者对于受到伤害后解脱的态度是D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.（多去想想愉快的事情，忘掉别人对你的伤害）。
6.词汇指代题：
标志：在题干中明确指出原文中某处的指代词，要求辨别其指代关系。常考的指代词有：it，that ，this，one，these，those等
例4．There are also rules which deal with the standard of services you get from ,say ,travel agents ,shoe repairers ,hairdressers and builders. These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.
64．The underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refers to “ ”.
A．the services B．the workers
C．the goods D．the rules
解析：首先返回原文定位该指代词，并且90％向上、10％向下搜索其指代的词、词组或句子。然后在四个选项中找出与所找到的词、词组或句子意思接近的一个作为答案。在本题中，我们可以看到原文中these之前的名词有rules,services,travel agents,shoe repairers, hairdressers, builders等名词，根据These tell you what you should expect from any service you pay for.(这些使你明白你所得到的付费服务应该达到怎样的水平)的意思，可以知道正确的答案是D. the rules(制度) 。因为只有制度才能约束服务行为，使服务行为得到保障。
以上就是高考英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧的所有内容，希望同学们可以将所学的阅读技巧运用到考场上。
