高考英语必备40个基本语法句式（一）
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通过句子去掌握英语语法是高中阶段学习英语的重要途径，为此，小编为大家整理编辑了高考英语必备40个基本语法句式（一），希望大家认真学习这40个基本句式，助力掌握高中阶段的语法知识点。
1、as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
2、wish +宾语从句，
表示不大 可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;
表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;
表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们孩子多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!
3、would rather that somebody did…'宁愿……;更愿意……'(表示现在或将来的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…'宁愿……;更愿意……'(表示过去的愿望)
[例句]
I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。
I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together. 我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。
4、It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……
[例句]
It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school.
5、情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could have done '本来可以……'(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might have done '本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事'(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to have done '本来该做某事'(而实际未做)
should not/ought not to have done '本来不该做'(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)
needn't have done '本来不必做'(但是已经做过了)
would rather have done '当时宁愿做了某事'(实际没有做过);否定式
would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示'后悔'之意。
6、…before…特殊用法(1)'没来得及……就……'
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。
7、…before…特殊用法(2)'过了多久才……'或'动作进行到什么程度才……'
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。
8、It was + 时间段+before….'过了多久才(怎么样)……'
It was not long before….'不久，就……'
It will (not) be +时间段+before….'要过多久(不久)……才……'(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
[例句]
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
9、in case of…(+n.) '以防;万一';
in case that…'以防，万一……'(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)
[例句]
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。
10、as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。
[例句]
Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
11、(1)、祈使句(表条件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表结果)…'否则…，要不然…'
(2)、祈使句(表条件)+ and +主句(表结果)
[例句]
Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out.
你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。
12、…until….'直到……时候';not…until…'直到……才……'
[例句]
You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。
The meeting was put off until ten o'clock. 会议推迟到十点钟。
The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.→Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装句)
等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
13、unless…'除非，如果不……'(=if…not)
[例句]
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。
-Shall Tom go and play football?
-Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成功课，否则不能出去。
14、when引导的从句，when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是'这 时突然;就在那时'，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主语+ be doing…when…意思是'正在做某事这时……';(2)、主语+ be about to do…when…;(3)、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是'正要去做某事这时……'
[例句]
One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。
I don't know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。
I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。
15、while引导的从句，while除了有'当/在……时候'的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词!)，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：(1)while = although '尽管'、'虽然'，引导让步状语从句;(2)while的意思是'然而;可是'，常用来表达对比关系。
[例句]
While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved.
尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.
虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。
16、where…(地点从句)，[注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。
[例句]
You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。
17、what引导的从句
what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
[例句]
What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?
What did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱?
What is most important in life isn't money. 人生较重要的并非是金钱。
18、as引导的非限制性定语从句，在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
[例句]
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。
19、which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)，which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词 的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是'不好的'、'事先没有预料到的'等时，常用which，只指物。
[例句]
Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上较美丽的国家公园之一。
20、(1)、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。
[例句]
Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。
Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。
以上就是高考英语必备40个基本语法句式（一），希望它能帮助大家学习高考英语必备的基础语法。
