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广州牛津新版初三上册英语第七单元语法知识点

2016-12-29 16:45:00  来源:广州爱智康

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广州牛津新版初三上册英语第七单元语法知识点
 
定语从句
 
定义:
修饰名词或代词的是定语。定语从句是在复合句中充当定语成分的从句,分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
 
限制性定语从句
 
关系代词引导的定语从句
 

作用

用于限制性从句或非限制性从句

只用于限制性从句

代替人

代替物

代替人或物

主语

who

which

that

宾语

whom

which

that

定语

whose(=of whom)

whose(=of which)

 

 
1. who指人,在定语从句中做主语。
例:The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
 
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
例:Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
 
注意:
如果在从句中做宾语,who和whom可替换。
例: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 
 
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.
例:He is the man who has an English book.
 
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
 
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
例:Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(主语)
例:This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.(宾语)
 
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
例:The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises to one million.(主语)
例:Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?(宾语)
 
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(指人)
I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(指物) 
 
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
 
限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much,each等修饰时。
例:Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?
   There is little that I can do for you.
    
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。
例:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
 
3. 当先行词被形容词更高级修饰时。
例:This is the best film that I have seen.
 
4. 当形容词被the very, the only,the same, the last 修饰时。
例:This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
 
注:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who。
例:Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting?
 
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。
例:Who is the man that is standing there?
例:Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
 
6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时。
例:Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
 
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